From 22 September through 31 December 2018
- 146 suspected cases
- 42 presumed positive cases
- 32 confirmed cases
- 26 deaths-18% fatality rate
- The out break in Edo State Nigeria, is located less than 400km from Lagos on a dense population movement axis between Lagos and South-Eastern Nigeria
WHO Risk Assessment
- Yellow Fever is transmitted by infected mosquitoes and has the potential to spread rapidly and cause serious public health impact
- There is currently a moderate risk at regional level due to the possible movement of the individuals of affected states to adjacent areas and neighbouring countries and particularly if there is arrival of unvaccinated visitors over the festive end of year season. The current overall risk is low at the global level
- There is no specific treatment, although the disease is preventable using a single dose of yellow fever vaccine, which provides immunity for life. Supportive care to treat dehydration, respiratory failure and fever and antibiotic treatment for associated bacterial infections is recommended
About Yellow Fever
- Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The “yellow” in the name refers to the jaundice that affects some patients
Symptoms of Yellow Fever
- fever, headache, jaundice, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and fatigue
- A small proportion of patients who contract the virus develop severe symptoms and approximately half of those die within 7 to 10 days
Where does Yellow Fever Occur?
- The virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America
How is Yellow Fever Controlled?
- Vaccinations
- Vector control
- Epidemic Preparations
How Yellow Fever Symptoms Progress
- Once contracted, the yellow fever virus incubates in the body for 3 to 6 days. Many people do not experience symptoms, but when these do occur, the most common are fever, muscle pain with prominent backache, headache, loss of appetite, and nausea or vomiting. In most cases, symptoms disappear after 3 to 4 days
- A small percentage of patients, however, enter a second, more toxic phase within 24 hours of recovering from initial symptoms. High fever returns and several body systems are affected, usually the liver and the kidneys. In this phase people are likely to develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes, hence the name ‘yellow fever’), dark urine and abdominal pain with vomiting. Bleeding can occur from the mouth, nose, eyes or stomach. Half of the patients who enter the toxic phase die within 7 – 10 days
Treatment
- Good and early supportive treatment in hospitals improves survival rates. There is currently no specific anti-viral drug for yellow fever but specific care to treat dehydration, liver and kidney failure, and fever improves outcomes. Associated bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics
WHO Website Resources
https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever
https://www.who.int/csr/don/09-january-2019-yellow-fever-nigeria/en/
From 22 September through 31 December 2018
- 146 suspected cases
- 42 presumed positive cases
- 32 confirmed cases
- 26 deaths-18% fatality rate
- The out break in Edo State Nigeria, is located less than 400km from Lagos on a dense population movement axis between Lagos and South-Eastern Nigeria
WHO Risk Assessment
- Yellow Fever is transmitted by infected mosquitoes and has the potential to spread rapidly and cause serious public health impact
- There is currently a moderate risk at regional level due to the possible movement of the individuals of affected states to adjacent areas and neighbouring countries and particularly if there is arrival of unvaccinated visitors over the festive end of year season. The current overall risk is low at the global level
- There is no specific treatment, although the disease is preventable using a single dose of yellow fever vaccine, which provides immunity for life. Supportive care to treat dehydration, respiratory failure and fever and antibiotic treatment for associated bacterial infections is recommended
About Yellow Fever
- Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The “yellow” in the name refers to the jaundice that affects some patients
Symptoms of Yellow Fever
- fever, headache, jaundice, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and fatigue
- A small proportion of patients who contract the virus develop severe symptoms and approximately half of those die within 7 to 10 days
Where does Yellow Fever Occur?
- The virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America
How is Yellow Fever Controlled?
- Vaccinations
- Vector control
- Epidemic Preparations
How Yellow Fever Symptoms Progress
- Once contracted, the yellow fever virus incubates in the body for 3 to 6 days. Many people do not experience symptoms, but when these do occur, the most common are fever, muscle pain with prominent backache, headache, loss of appetite, and nausea or vomiting. In most cases, symptoms disappear after 3 to 4 days
- A small percentage of patients, however, enter a second, more toxic phase within 24 hours of recovering from initial symptoms. High fever returns and several body systems are affected, usually the liver and the kidneys. In this phase people are likely to develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes, hence the name ‘yellow fever’), dark urine and abdominal pain with vomiting. Bleeding can occur from the mouth, nose, eyes or stomach. Half of the patients who enter the toxic phase die within 7 – 10 days
Treatment
- Good and early supportive treatment in hospitals improves survival rates. There is currently no specific anti-viral drug for yellow fever but specific care to treat dehydration, liver and kidney failure, and fever improves outcomes. Associated bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics
WHO Website Resources
https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever
https://www.who.int/csr/don/09-january-2019-yellow-fever-nigeria/en/
